上市公司审计委员会的有效性研究——基于审计收费角度的考察

本文从上市公司设立审计委员会前后审计费用变化的角度,间接考察了审计委员会在改善内部控制、保证财务报告质量、减少违规与舞弊等方面的治理效率。回归结果表明,设立审计委员会的上市公司支付的审计费用低于未设立审计委员会的上市公司;上市公司设立审计委员会的当年少于前一年支付的审计费用。本文的研究表明,审计委员会的设立在一定程度上降低了外部审计的控制风险,对审计委员会的信任也减少了一定的审计程序,降低了审计成本,这将促使外部审计师降低审计收费。     

论内审价值实现途径

服务的内向性是内部审计的基本特点,建立新型审计管理体制,加强法制建设,提高法治水平及更新内部审计思维观念,处理好内审与外审的关系,监督与服务的关系,不断提高审计人员素质是实现内审价值的有效途径。     

从草根版《学生教育惩戒法》解析教师惩戒权

一部草根版《学生教育惩戒法》反映了当前教师惩戒现状,进而解析教师惩戒权逐步消解的原因,探讨如何正视、解决教师惩戒的两难局面,以有效规避教育中惩戒过度与惩戒消解现象。     

中国物流信息化研究现状及其发展趋势分析

从我国物流信息化的不同研究主题,即物流信息技术、企业物流信息化和物流信息平台等方面分析了其研究现状,分析结果表明,我国的物流信息化研究起步较晚,在其发展过程中经历了停滞期、快速发展期和稳定期三个阶段。从本世纪初开始,物流信息技术、企业物流信息化和物流信息平台的研究线性增加,研究的学科主要分布于宏观经济管理与可持续发展、计算机软件及计算机应用、工业经济、贸易经济和交通运输经济等方面,上述五大学科的研究占物流信息化研究的70%以上。     

浅议国际贸易学科研究领域与方向的拓展

我国对外经济与贸易涉入的领域日益扩大,但国务院学位办和教育部研究生办及很多学校界定的国际贸易学科的研究和学习范围比较狭窄,主要局限于外贸及其与之有关的理论与政策,而对与外贸有直接关系且地位日渐重要的生产要素跨国流动等领域重视不够或不认为是其研究范围,学科名与专业名容易混淆,社会、学生、同行都有误解,影响对人才的培养与就业领域的拓宽,故有必要拓展它的研究领域和方向,将学科名与专业名互换或都定为国际经济与贸易.     

属性层次模型在课程负责人选聘中的应用

在高校众多的课程模块中，要充分调动、整合教学资源形成专业化的团队，科学地选拔课程负责人显得尤为重要。文章利用交叉学科的优势，通过属性层次模型（AHM）建立一个课程负责人的选聘评价体系，把以往对课程负责人定性的问题定量化．为课程负责人的选聘提供一种科学而且易于操作的方法。     

中美两国政府审计制度的比较与借鉴

我国政府审计制度创建于上世纪80年代初期,国务院和县级以上地方政府设立审计机关,在国务院总理和地方各级行政首长的领导下独立行使审计职权。美国为三权分立政治体制,国家审计长独立行使审计权。本文试就我国政府审计制度的特点、政府审计制度、政府审计规范体系、审计机关与行政、立法、司法机关的关系等,与美国政府审计制度进行比较,希望能对我国政府审计制度的健康发展有所裨益。     

Why do auditors fail? What might work? What won’t?†

Auditing failures and scandals have become commonplace. In response, reformers (including the Kingman Review in the U.K. and a recent report of the U.K.’s Competition and Market Authority) have proposed a variety of remedies, including prophylactic bans on auditors providing consulting services to their clients in the belief that this will minimize the conflicts of interest that produce auditing failures. Although useful, such reforms are already in place to a considerable degree and may have reached the point of diminishing returns. Moreover, this strategy does not address the deeper problem that clients (or their managements) may not want aggressive auditing, but rather prefer a deferential and perfunctory audit. If so, auditors will realize that they are marketing a ‘commodity’ service and cannot successfully compete based on their quality of services. Rationally, they would respond to such a market by seeking to adopt a cost-minimization strategy, competing by reducing the cost of their services and not investing in new technology or higher-priced personnel.

What could change this pattern? Gatekeepers, including auditors, serve investors, but are hired by corporate management. To induce gatekeepers to better serve investors, one needs to reduce the ‘agency costs’ surrounding this relationship by making gatekeepers more accountable to investors. This might be accomplished through litigation (as happens to some degree in the U.S.), but the U.K. and Europe have rules that discourage collective litigation. Thus, a more feasible approach would be to give investors greater ability to select and remove the auditor. This paper proposes a two part strategy to this end: (1) public ‘grading’ of the auditor by the audit regulator in an easily comparable fashion (and with a mandatory grading curve), and (2) enabling a minority of the shareholders (hypothetically, 10%) to propose a replacement auditor for a shareholder vote. It further argues that both activist shareholders and diversified shareholders might support such a strategy and undertake it under different circumstances. Absent such a focus on agency costs, however, reformers are likely only re-arranging the deck chairs on the Titanic.     

SHIFTING BOUNDARIES IN ECONOMICS: THE INSTITUTIONAL COGNITIVE STRAND AND THE FUTURE OF INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS

This paper aims at contributing to the debate on the future of institutional economics and of the field as a whole by starting from the literature that discusses the relationship between Old‐Original Institutional Economics and New Institutional Economics. It suggests that the process of reunifying OIE and NIE (and evolutionary economics) prompted by part of the literature could be improved by the contribution of the Cognitive Institutional Economics. The paper follows a two‐stage pathway: first, it frames the debate on the relationships between NIE and the OIE and it concentrates on a subset of the literature that shows that NIE's recent developments complicate the distinction between NIE and OIE, and it explores the possibility that NIE and OIE may merge so that an amalgam of NIE, OIE and Evolutionary Economics becomes the next economic paradigm. Secondly, the paper argues that a step forward in the direction outlined by the literature has been made by CIE, which is a research stream that developed from cross‐fertilization among NIE, OIE and the Hayekian contributions to the analysis of institutions. In the concluding remarks, the possible emergence of a single institutional paradigm is discussed in the light of the literature about change in economics.     

计算机相关学科的PDSIPE教学模式应用

随着国家应用型教学变革的推进,应用型教学途径与具体策略成为学校关注的焦点。借鉴已有的应用型研究成就并在课堂中直接运用,无疑会成为应用型教学改革成败的关键。PDSIPE应用型教学理论与技术的出现较好地解决了这一问题。燕京理工学院以计算机学科为试验对象,开展应用型课堂教学试验,验证PDSIPE教学理念与操作技术在计算机相关学科中的教学价值。